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Bezeq owns and operates Israel's most extensive fixed-line telephone and broadband infrastructure network. For residential customers, the core offerings are internet infrastructure and traditional landlines. For the enterprise sector, Bezeq provides data networking, server hosting, and high-capacity transmission services. The company's operations are heavily regulated by the Israeli Ministry of Communications, most notably through a mandated wholesale market policy that forces Bezeq to lease its physical infrastructure to competing Internet Service Providers (ISPs).

The flagship consumer product is broadband internet infrastructure, which is currently undergoing a massive transition from legacy copper networks (VDSL) to fiber-optic connections (Bfiber). Within the wider group, subsidiary "yes" is engaged in a multi-year strategic migration of its subscriber base from traditional satellite broadcasting to IP-based delivery. Pelephone provides 4G and 5G cellular services. Bezeq International operates a submarine communications cable connecting Israel to Europe and provides enterprise IT integration. The company also operates the digital business directory B144.

As the historical incumbent, Bezeq maintains the largest market share in Israel's fixed-line and broadband sector. Its direct competitors include HOT, which operates an independent nationwide coaxial cable infrastructure, as well as Partner and Cellcom, both of which have aggressively deployed competing independent fiber-optic networks (Partner Fiber and the IBC/Unlimited venture). Bezeq's primary business challenge revolves around defending its infrastructure market share amid accelerating fiber competition, while navigating strict regulatory frameworks designed to curb its historic dominance.