Nokia

Nokia is a Finnish company founded in 1865, headquartered in Espoo, Finland. It is listed on the Helsinki Stock Exchange (HEL) and on the NYSE under the ticker NOK. Nokia has undergone several major transformations — from a rubber and cable manufacturer, to the world's largest mobile phone maker at its peak in the 2000s, to a network infrastructure company. In 2013, Nokia sold its mobile device business to Microsoft. In 2015, Nokia acquired Alcatel-Lucent for approximately €15.6 billion, which established it as one of the largest network infrastructure vendors globally.

Nokia's current business centers on network infrastructure — 5G equipment, IP and optical networking, and cloud-based network services. Its primary customers are large telecommunications operators and enterprise or industrial clients, including governments and large industrial facilities requiring private wireless networks. Nokia Technologies, a separate unit, manages the company's extensive patent portfolio and generates revenue through technology licensing.

In the IoT domain, Nokia provides platforms for industrial IoT network management, including LPWAN connectivity and private wireless solutions. Its main competitors in this space are Ericsson and Huawei.

Nokia's products are organized under several business groups: Nokia Network Infrastructure (IP and optical equipment), Nokia Mobile Networks (5G/4G RAN equipment), Nokia Cloud and Network Services, and Nokia Technologies. In the IoT segment specifically, Nokia offers the IMPACT platform for IoT device management, developed through internal R&D and acquisitions including Comptel.

Nokia's primary competitors in network infrastructure are Ericsson (Sweden) and Huawei (China). In Western markets where Huawei faces regulatory restrictions, Nokia and Ericsson hold a relatively stronger competitive position. In 2023–2024, Nokia carried out a significant workforce reduction program aimed at cutting costs in response to declining revenues from telecom operators.

Nokia maintains a research and development presence in Israel, including through Nokia Bell Labs activity in the country. The Israeli operation focuses primarily on networking and IP research. Precise details on Israel headcount or specific office cities are not available to me with confidence.